[vc_row][vc_column][vc_empty_space height=“20px“][vc_column_text]Am 12. Februar 2018 organisierte Conflictfood und Cultivating Peace e.V. das Symposium: âMyanmar â wohin gehtâs ?â. Wir wollten das Bild des Landes schĂ€rfen und die Fragen klĂ€ren: Wie steht es aktuell um das faszinierende Land? Welche Rolle spielen Wirtschaft und Handel, Politik und Menschenrechte? 130 interessierte Teilnehmerinnen und Teilnehmer folgten unserer Einladung. Hier gibt es mehr Informationen zum Symposium.
Laura Hellwig hat den Beitrag von Richard Roewer fĂŒr dich zusammengefasst:[/vc_column_text][vc_empty_space height=“20px“][vc_single_image image=“5393″ img_size=“full“][vc_empty_space height=“20px“][vc_column_text]Richard Roewer ist Doktorand am Leibniz Institut fĂŒr Globale u. Regionale Studien & DPhil Candidate, University of Oxford. Dort forscht er zur Einflussnahme prodemokratischer Parteien auf Transitionsprozesse mit einem besonderen Fokus auf Myanmar. In seinem Vortrag âNeue Demokratie oder neuer Autoritarismusâ hat Richard mit uns ĂŒber den politischen Wandel in Myanmar gesprochen, und den Einfluss der regierenden Partei NLD (Nationale Liga der Demokratie) unter Aun San Suu Kyi auf die demokratische Entwicklung.[/vc_column_text][vc_empty_space height=“20px“][vc_empty_space height=“20px“][vc_column_text]
[/vc_column_text][vc_empty_space height=“20px“][/vc_column][/vc_row][vc_row][vc_column][vc_single_image image=“5465″ img_size=“full“][/vc_column][/vc_row][vc_row][vc_column][vc_empty_space height=“20px“][vc_column_text]Myanmar wird in den Medien als ein widersprĂŒchliches Land dargestellt und oft fĂ€llt es uns schwer, die dort herrschenden GegensĂ€tze zu verstehen. Seit dem Aun San Suu Chi das Land regiert hat sich nicht viel zum Positiven gewendet. Es hagelte internationale Kritik, wegen fortlaufender Menschenrechtsverletzungen, insbesondere gegen die Rohingyas, aber auch gegen andere Minderheiten z.B. im Nordosten des Landes die Taâang. Wie kommt es, dass eine FriedensnobelpreistrĂ€gerin, die seit Jahrzehnten in der Opposition gekĂ€mpft hat, nun zusieht wie schwerste Menschenrechtsverbrechen an dieser Bevölkerungsgruppe begangen werden? Wie kann eine Partei, die sich Demokratie auf die eigenen Fahnen geschrieben hat, so etwas verantworten?
Richards These ist, dass sich fast alle politischen Prozesse, an denen die NLD beteiligt ist, durch drei Faktoren verstehen lassen
[/vc_column_text][vc_empty_space height=“20px“][vc_column_text]Der Wille zur Vermeidung von Konfrontation mit dem MilitĂ€r
Der Demokratisierungsprozess Myanmars unterscheidet sich wesentlich denen anderer Staaten. Erstens, der politische Umbruch erfolgte in einem Moment der StĂ€rke und nicht der SchwĂ€che des vorangehenden Regimes. Das MilitĂ€r hatte zum Zeitpunkt des Umbruchs vollste Kontrolle und war wirtschaftlich gestĂ€rkt. Zweitens, es gab keine neue Verfassung, die Raum fĂŒr die Entwicklung demokratischer Strukturen geöffnet hĂ€tte. Stattdessen garantiert die alte Verfassung weiterhin die Macht des MilitĂ€rs. Aber auch in vielen Teilen der Gesellschaft ist das MilitĂ€r weiterhin akzeptiert – 84% der Bevölkerung bewerten das MilitĂ€r positiv.[/vc_column_text][vc_empty_space height=“20px“][vc_single_image image=“5464″ img_size=“full“][vc_empty_space height=“20px“][vc_column_text]Indem das MilitĂ€r also Macht an die NLD abgegeben hat, hat es die Zustimmung der Bevölkerung wiedergewonnen. Es ist angesehen, es ist normgebend und es ist nach wie vor einflussreich. Darum geht die NLD der Konfrontation mit dem MilitĂ€r aus dem Weg.
Hinterlassenschaften aus der Kolonialzeit und Zeiten der Diktatur
Eine weitere Dynamik, die die NLD dazu veranlasst mit dem MilitĂ€r zu kooperieren, ist der extrem starke buddhistische Nationalismus â eine Hinterlassenschaft aus der Kolonialzeit. Die kĂŒnstlich gezogen kolonialen Grenzen sorgten fĂŒr starke Spannungen im Land zwischen den diversen ethnischen und religiösen Gruppen. Allerdings war schon damals die Mehrheit der Bevölkerung buddhistisch. Die MilitĂ€rregierung, die ab 1962 an die Macht kam, wusste den buddhistischen Nationalismus fĂŒr sich zu nutzen. Um einen GroĂteil der Bevölkerung fĂŒr sich zu gewinnen, förderte das MilitĂ€r die buddhistischen WĂŒrdentrĂ€ger und Strukturen. Seither wĂ€scht eine Hand die andere.[/vc_column_text][/vc_column][/vc_row][vc_row][vc_column][vc_empty_space height=“20px“][vc_single_image image=“5467″ img_size=“full“][vc_empty_space height=“20px“][vc_column_text]Umgekehrt stĂŒtzen buddhistische Prediger die Gewalt des MilitĂ€rs gegenĂŒber Mitgliedern von anderen Religionen durch eine Kampagne der Dehumanisierung. Ihre Legitimation? Sie erklĂ€ren schlicht, dass Gewalt gegen Nicht-Buddhist*innen okay sei. AuĂerdem stellen sie speziell die Rohingyas als Feinde und Angreifer*innen des Buddhismus dar. In dem Moment, wo es darum geht, den Buddhismus zu verteidigen, sind alle Mittel recht.
Fehlende Kenntnisse
DarĂŒber hinaus sind es auch schlicht fehlende Kenntnisse und Eigennutz, die das Handeln der NLD antreiben. Ein Beispiel ist die Pressefreiheit. Interessanterweise macht die NLD ebenso stark Gebrauch von Gesetzen, die die Pressefreiheit massiv einschrĂ€nken, wie das MilitĂ€r zuvor. Das dient schlicht dem Selbsterhalt. Aber auch hier wirkt auch die Geschichte der Diktatur fort. Teilweise fehlt ein umfassendes VerstĂ€ndnis dafĂŒr, dass zivile Freiheiten fĂŒr eine florierende Demokratie absolut notwendig sind. Intensive Bildungsarbeit ist daher in Zukunft sehr wichtig, so der Demokratieforscher Richard Roewer.[/vc_column_text][vc_empty_space height=“20px“][/vc_column][/vc_row][vc_row][vc_column][vc_single_image image=“5392″ img_size=“full“ onclick=“custom_link“ link=“https://threemamasprojects.com“][vc_empty_space height=“20px“][/vc_column][/vc_row][vc_row content_placement=“middle“][vc_column][vc_empty_space height=“20px“][vc_column_text]Myanmar – Wohin Geht’s?[/vc_column_text][vc_column_text]
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